Nama : finna puspa kencana sari
Npm : 10207468
Tugas : STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESION
Kelas : 4EA01
PART A
1. In addition to the more traditional simple oven many _____ either by circulating heated air around to the food or by heating the moisture contained in the food with microwaves, and a few do both.
The answer is C. modern ovens function
2. _____ many communication companies are now able to offer radio and television broadcasts over the internet.
The answer is D. With the introduction of advanced technology
3. From the beginning of the twentieth century to the present, technology _____ people are beginning to imagine there are no limits to what we can achieve.
The answer is C. has progressed to the point that
4. A trap _____ disguise is what has come to be called a Trojan Horse, from the ancient story of the gift of the wooden horse from the Greeks.
The answer is D. offered as a gift in
5. Telecommuting is a new from of work _____ to work, such as fathers with children, the chance to work while remaining at home.
The answer is A. affording those previously unable
6. It is the lack of gravity on the moon that makes _____ leaps of 30 or more.
The answer is A. possible
7. It is believed that the modern bird _____ the pterodactyls that existed millions of years ago.
The answer is B. evolved from
8. Although _____ a successful film, none of her other works have to date been adapted to the film format.
The answer is D. Amy Tan’s best known novel, The Joy Luck Club, made
9. The advent of the personal computer and easy access to information via the internet has allowed many more entrepreneurs _____ than over before.
The answer is C. opening businesses home-based
10. _____ “orca” means whale, the orca is actually a member of the dolphin family, the delphinids.
The answer is C. While
11. Many modern critics of American literature have called Mark Twain, born Samuel Clemens, _____.
The answer is C. America’s greatest writer
12. _____ its area of defense, a fort should be built on an elevation and with some sort of natural feature of the landscape to obstruct direct access to the fort.
The answer is A. To better protect
13. An iron smelting forge _____ ore into usable metals.
The answer is A. melts
14. The one in charge of a meeting _____ toward the end of the meeting.
The answer is D. generally tables important topics
15. Sufficient gravitational force is _____ atmosphere, otherwise the atmosphere will drift off into space.
The answer is D. necessary to retain a planet’s
PART B
16. Because of the enormous pull gravitational of the Moon, the shape of the
A B
Earth actually changes as the largest oceans are “pulled” toward the Moon.
C D
The answer is B (gravitation)
17. Only with the advent of refrigerator were most Americans able to begin to
A B C
consume fresh meat.
D
The answer is A (refrigerates)
18. The smaller of all nine planets in the solar system is Pluto.
A B C D
The answer is A (smallest)
19. The function of a biologist is both to describe organisms in minute detail also
A B C
to understand why they behave as they do.
D
The answer is C (and)
20. According to all findings to date, the known universe consists almost entirely
A B C
of the hydrogen.
D
The answer is D (don’t make word “the”)
21. Because of their flexibility, reeds and straw are able to endure harsh winds
A B
that other more brittle materials like brick and concrete would not be able to
C
withstanding.
D
The answer is D (withstand)
22. Before hay can be processed and sold, it is typically bundled into boxlike
A B C
bales so that it can be more easily transport.
D
The answer is D (transported)
23. Most of the birds living in desert regions inhabits the fringes of the desert.
A B C D
The answer is D
24. Areas of rocks may shifts up or down on each side of a fault.
A B C D
The answer is B (shift)
25. From the 1850s until after the turn of the century, many of America’s super-
A
rich families made Newport his favorite summer resort.
B C D
The answer is D (their)
26. Of Jane Austeen’s six great novels, the first four were published anonymous
A B C
during her lifetime.
D
The answer is B (was)
27. Clarence Birdseye is best know for developing a process for freezing food in
A B C
small packages.
D
The answer is A (known)
28. It was as a direct result of the widespread implementation electricity that the
A B C
US had a source of light other than gas lights.
D
The answer is C (implementing)
29. The Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC is home to the largest
A
collecting of Native American artifacts in the United States, most of which
B C
uncatalogued and hidden from public view.
D
The answer is B (collection)
30. In the modern era, face to face communication is becoming near as uncommon
A B C
as hand-written letters.
D
The answer is B (nearer)
31. The leaves of most coniferous species are slender and length.
A B C D
The answer is D (long)
32. Like an airplane, a helicopter have to control sticks instead of one.
A B C D
The answer is C (has)
33. Much bright young starts lie along the spiral arms of the Milky Way Galaxy.
A B C D
The answer is A (many)
34. Hippocrates believed that health depended on the balanced of the four fluids
A B C D
of the body blood, phlegm, bile and black bile.
The answer is C (balance)
35. Because mistletoe berries are poisonous, everyone with Christmas decorations
A
containing mistletoe need to be aware of the potential danger.
B C D
The answer is C (needs)
36. The earliest known artworks were done by caveman which used a mixture of
A B C
clay, chalk and burned wood and bones.
D
The answer is C (who)
37. The Earth’s crust is composed of fifteen plates which float on the partially
A B C
molten layer below they.
D
The answer is D (them)
38. The Cabinet consist of secretaries of departments, who report to the president,
A B
give him advice, and helping him make decisions.
C D
The answer is C (help)
39. Operas can be broadly classified as either comedies or they are tragedies.
A B C D
The answer is D (don’t make word “or they are”)
40. During the annually salmon migration from the sea to fresh water, Alaska’s
A B
McNeil River becomes a gathering place for brown bears waiting eagerly to
C D
catch their fill.
The answer is A (annual)
tugas softskill bahasa inggris : structure and written expresion
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PART 1
1. ‘ Tell me why you’re interested in learning this subject?’
‘ Economics… to explain the phenomena in Business World.’
( B. tries / verb )
2. ‘ What’s on the news today?’
‘ The policeman… caught the criminal.’
( B. has / auxiliary verb )
3. ‘ After traveling across the country, I think Toronto… the busiest city in Canada.’
( C. is / to be )
4. ‘ You should sleep early tonight because we start our journey tomorrow and five hundred miles… a long distance to drive in one day.’
( D. are / to be )
5. ‘ After the incident at the border yesterday, the army has reinforced… strength this morning.’
( D. their / possessive adjective )
6. ‘ Children, tell me the functions of these tools!’
‘ Scissors… to cut thin materials.’
( C. are used / auxiliary verb + verb )
7. ‘ According to the recipe, I need seven… to make this chicken pie.’
( C. potatoes / noun )
8. ‘ There are a lot of disasters in Indonesia these days.’
‘ Yes. and now, the earthquake and tsunami phemomena always… a lot of people.
( A. fascinate / verb )
9. Which of these sentences is correct?
( D. The car made a loud noise )
10. Jim : Can I use that car?
Mark : No. It’s… car.
( C. my mother – in – law’s /
11. ‘ The old man’s house is old.’
‘ Yes. One of… windows is broken.’
( D. its / possessive adjective )
12. ‘ Where we will sleep tonight?’
‘ Ann is going to share her room with…, isn’t she?’
( A. you and me / pronoun )
13. ‘ What’s said in the memo?’
‘ You and… are expected to be present at the student representative meeting.’
( A. I / pronoun )
14. ‘ The student must be made to understand how each lesson can be value to…’
‘ I absolutely agree with you.’
( C. them / pronoun )
15. ‘ How does Jarohi play guitar?’
‘ As well as… do.’
( A. I / pronoun )
16. ‘ Anything happens to you; don’t forget that… mother and father love you.’
( B. your / possessive adjective )
17. “ Vito and I have a lot in common.”
“ Yes, your ideas,…. somewhat unusual to me.”
( B. like him, is )
18. ‘ Is this your book?’
‘ This doesn’t look like… book; it must be…’
( A. my , yours / possessive adjective )
19. “What’s the decision?’
“ I don’t know yet. The committee are still arguing among…”
( E. themselves / pronoun )
20. Mother : What are you doing?
Children : Chatting.
Mother : What! You waste your time. You get… from that.
( D. nothing / noun )
21. ‘ Does… know where my glasses?’
‘ You’re wearing them. Why you’re always so forgetful?’
( A. somebody / noun )
22. ‘… of the bread has been taken from its box.’
‘ No one likes it.’
( A. Some / pronoun )
23. ‘ Who wants to go with me to the orchestra?’
‘… of us want to go to the orchestra.’
( D. All / adjective )
24. A : Look at the picture on the wall !
B : … is a beautiful picture.
( D. That / pronoun )
25. ‘ Who is the man talking to you last night?’
‘ The man… I talked to last night was my brother.’
( A. whom / pronoun )
Part II
1. “… his own assignments, Sony offered to help his friends.”
( C. Having finished )
2. “… the money, Tarwan left for his home town.”
( A. Having received )
3. “ We always avoid… to the mall on Sunday because it’s too crowded.”
( D. going )
4. “What was he interested in?”
“… paleontology.”
( B. Learning )
5. “These floors always look dirty in spite of… every day.”
( D. being swept )
6. Bob : “ I’m going out tonight.”
John : “ Would you mind… the key to the house? ”
( E. leaving )
7. “Doel Fajri completely denied… the money.”
( B. stealing )
8. “ What’s your hobby?”
“… stamps.”
( C. Collecting )
9. “ Can Rosa accept her parent’s divorce?”
“ No. She isn’t mature enough…”
( B. to understand )
10. “ I wonder where Dadang is.”
“ Don’t you know the committee forced him…?”
( C. to resign )
11. “ The poor woman can’t afford… a dress.”
( D. to buy )
12. “ I smell something… in the kitchen.”
( D. burning )
13. “ I had to ask the soldier…”
( B. to stop firing )
14. “ What did the teacher tell us?”
“ He told us… noisy.”
( D. Not to be )
15. “ Do you object to… on the table.”
“ Yes. You sit on the cake”
( B. my sitting )
16. Rudy : “ What are you looking forward?”
Toni : “… my old friends.”
( A. To seeing )
17. “ When you go camping, don’t forget to bring…. bags.”
( B. sleeping )
18. “ The smilling boy clapped his hands.”
It means:
( D. The boy with a smile on his face clapped his hands )
19. “ I am bored the show is very…”
( E. boring )
20. “ We thought of… across France. We’re rather tired of… by train.”
( D. driving / going )
21. “ When at last I succeded in… him that I wanted… home quickly, he put his foot on the accelerator and I felt the car… forward.”
( E. convincing / to get / leaping )
22. X : “ Bob smoked when he was in College. Does he now?”
Y : “ Yes.”
( B. Bob used to smoking )
23. “ I always… the sun… every morning.”
( C. watching / rises )
24. “ I don’t know where… in this holiday.”
( B. to go )
25. “ The car is always hard to start.”
“ I think it needs…”
( E. to be repaired )
1. ‘ Tell me why you’re interested in learning this subject?’
‘ Economics… to explain the phenomena in Business World.’
( B. tries / verb )
2. ‘ What’s on the news today?’
‘ The policeman… caught the criminal.’
( B. has / auxiliary verb )
3. ‘ After traveling across the country, I think Toronto… the busiest city in Canada.’
( C. is / to be )
4. ‘ You should sleep early tonight because we start our journey tomorrow and five hundred miles… a long distance to drive in one day.’
( D. are / to be )
5. ‘ After the incident at the border yesterday, the army has reinforced… strength this morning.’
( D. their / possessive adjective )
6. ‘ Children, tell me the functions of these tools!’
‘ Scissors… to cut thin materials.’
( C. are used / auxiliary verb + verb )
7. ‘ According to the recipe, I need seven… to make this chicken pie.’
( C. potatoes / noun )
8. ‘ There are a lot of disasters in Indonesia these days.’
‘ Yes. and now, the earthquake and tsunami phemomena always… a lot of people.
( A. fascinate / verb )
9. Which of these sentences is correct?
( D. The car made a loud noise )
10. Jim : Can I use that car?
Mark : No. It’s… car.
( C. my mother – in – law’s /
11. ‘ The old man’s house is old.’
‘ Yes. One of… windows is broken.’
( D. its / possessive adjective )
12. ‘ Where we will sleep tonight?’
‘ Ann is going to share her room with…, isn’t she?’
( A. you and me / pronoun )
13. ‘ What’s said in the memo?’
‘ You and… are expected to be present at the student representative meeting.’
( A. I / pronoun )
14. ‘ The student must be made to understand how each lesson can be value to…’
‘ I absolutely agree with you.’
( C. them / pronoun )
15. ‘ How does Jarohi play guitar?’
‘ As well as… do.’
( A. I / pronoun )
16. ‘ Anything happens to you; don’t forget that… mother and father love you.’
( B. your / possessive adjective )
17. “ Vito and I have a lot in common.”
“ Yes, your ideas,…. somewhat unusual to me.”
( B. like him, is )
18. ‘ Is this your book?’
‘ This doesn’t look like… book; it must be…’
( A. my , yours / possessive adjective )
19. “What’s the decision?’
“ I don’t know yet. The committee are still arguing among…”
( E. themselves / pronoun )
20. Mother : What are you doing?
Children : Chatting.
Mother : What! You waste your time. You get… from that.
( D. nothing / noun )
21. ‘ Does… know where my glasses?’
‘ You’re wearing them. Why you’re always so forgetful?’
( A. somebody / noun )
22. ‘… of the bread has been taken from its box.’
‘ No one likes it.’
( A. Some / pronoun )
23. ‘ Who wants to go with me to the orchestra?’
‘… of us want to go to the orchestra.’
( D. All / adjective )
24. A : Look at the picture on the wall !
B : … is a beautiful picture.
( D. That / pronoun )
25. ‘ Who is the man talking to you last night?’
‘ The man… I talked to last night was my brother.’
( A. whom / pronoun )
Part II
1. “… his own assignments, Sony offered to help his friends.”
( C. Having finished )
2. “… the money, Tarwan left for his home town.”
( A. Having received )
3. “ We always avoid… to the mall on Sunday because it’s too crowded.”
( D. going )
4. “What was he interested in?”
“… paleontology.”
( B. Learning )
5. “These floors always look dirty in spite of… every day.”
( D. being swept )
6. Bob : “ I’m going out tonight.”
John : “ Would you mind… the key to the house? ”
( E. leaving )
7. “Doel Fajri completely denied… the money.”
( B. stealing )
8. “ What’s your hobby?”
“… stamps.”
( C. Collecting )
9. “ Can Rosa accept her parent’s divorce?”
“ No. She isn’t mature enough…”
( B. to understand )
10. “ I wonder where Dadang is.”
“ Don’t you know the committee forced him…?”
( C. to resign )
11. “ The poor woman can’t afford… a dress.”
( D. to buy )
12. “ I smell something… in the kitchen.”
( D. burning )
13. “ I had to ask the soldier…”
( B. to stop firing )
14. “ What did the teacher tell us?”
“ He told us… noisy.”
( D. Not to be )
15. “ Do you object to… on the table.”
“ Yes. You sit on the cake”
( B. my sitting )
16. Rudy : “ What are you looking forward?”
Toni : “… my old friends.”
( A. To seeing )
17. “ When you go camping, don’t forget to bring…. bags.”
( B. sleeping )
18. “ The smilling boy clapped his hands.”
It means:
( D. The boy with a smile on his face clapped his hands )
19. “ I am bored the show is very…”
( E. boring )
20. “ We thought of… across France. We’re rather tired of… by train.”
( D. driving / going )
21. “ When at last I succeded in… him that I wanted… home quickly, he put his foot on the accelerator and I felt the car… forward.”
( E. convincing / to get / leaping )
22. X : “ Bob smoked when he was in College. Does he now?”
Y : “ Yes.”
( B. Bob used to smoking )
23. “ I always… the sun… every morning.”
( C. watching / rises )
24. “ I don’t know where… in this holiday.”
( B. to go )
25. “ The car is always hard to start.”
“ I think it needs…”
( E. to be repaired )
tugas bahasa inggris bisnis 2
nama : finna puspa kencana sari
npm : 10207468
kelas : 4EA01
1. George / is cooking / dinner / tonight.
Subject/Verb phrase/Complement/Modifier of time
2. Henry and Marcia / have visited / the president.
Subject/Verb phrase/Complement)
3. We / can / eat / lunch / in this restaurant / today.
Subject/Modals/Verb/Complement/Modifier of time
4. Pat / should have bought / gasoline / yesterday.
Subject/Verb phrase/Complement/Modifier of time
5. Trees / grow.
Subject/Verb
6. It / was raining /at seven o’clock this morning.
Subject/Verb phrase/Modifier of time
7. She / opened a checking account / at the bank / last week.
Subject/Verb/Modifier of place/Modifier of time
8. Harry / is washing / dishes / right now.
Subject/Verb phrase/Complement/Modifier of time
9. She / opened / her book.
Subject/Verb/Complement
10. Paul, William, and Mary /were watching / television / a few minutes ago.
Subject/Verb phrase/Complement/Modifier of time
nama : finna puspa kencana sari
npm : 10207468
kelas : 4EA01
1. George / is cooking / dinner / tonight.
Subject/Verb phrase/Complement/Modifier of time
2. Henry and Marcia / have visited / the president.
Subject/Verb phrase/Complement)
3. We / can / eat / lunch / in this restaurant / today.
Subject/Modals/Verb/Complement/Modifier of time
4. Pat / should have bought / gasoline / yesterday.
Subject/Verb phrase/Complement/Modifier of time
5. Trees / grow.
Subject/Verb
6. It / was raining /at seven o’clock this morning.
Subject/Verb phrase/Modifier of time
7. She / opened a checking account / at the bank / last week.
Subject/Verb/Modifier of place/Modifier of time
8. Harry / is washing / dishes / right now.
Subject/Verb phrase/Complement/Modifier of time
9. She / opened / her book.
Subject/Verb/Complement
10. Paul, William, and Mary /were watching / television / a few minutes ago.
Subject/Verb phrase/Complement/Modifier of time
TULISAN ETIKA BISNIS
MANFAAT KODE ETIK PERUSAHAAN
Kode Etik (Patrick Murphy) atau kadang-kadang disebut code of conduct atau code of ethical conduct
ini, menyangkut kebijakan etis perusahaan berhubungan dengan kesulitan yang bisa timbul (mungkin pernah timbul dimasa lalu), seperti konflik kepentingan, hubungan dengan pesaing dan pemasok, menerima hadiah, sumbangan dan sebagainya.Latar belakang pembuatan Kode Etik adalah sebagai cara ampuh untuk melembagakan etika dalam struktur dan kegiatan perusahaan. Bila Perusahaan memiliki Kode Etik sendiri, is mempunyai beberapa kelebihan dibandingkan dengan perusahaan yang tidak memilikinya.
Manfaat Kode Etik Perusahaan :
1.Kode Etik dapat meningkatkan kredibilitas suatu perusahaan, karena etika telah dijadikan sebagai
corporate culture. Hal ini terutama penting bagi perusahaan besar yang karyawannya tidak semuanya saling mengenal satu sama lainnya. Dengan adanya kode etik, secara intern semua karyawan terikat dengan standard etis yang sama, sehingga akan mefigambil kebijakan/keputusan yang sama terhadap kasus sejenis yang timbul.
2.Kode Etik, dapat membantu menghilangkan grey area (kawasan kelabu) dibidang etika. (penerimaan komisi, penggunaan tenaga kerja anak, kewajiban perusahaan dalam melindungi lingkungan hidup).
3.Kode etik menjelaskan bagaimana perusahaan menilai tanggung jawab sosialnya.
4.Kode Etik, menyediakan bagi perusahaan dan dunia bisnis pada umumnya, kemungkinan untuk mengatur diri sendiri (self regulation).
SUMBER :http://www.scribd.com/doc/18575776/ETIKA-BISNIS
TULISAN ETIKA BISNIS
FAKTOR - FAKTOR ETIKA BISNIS
Faktor yang diperlukan dalam menciptakan etika bisnis :
1. Pengendalian diri
2. Pengembangan tanggung jawab sosial (social responsibility)
3 .Mempertahankan jati diri dan tidak mudah untuk terombang-ambing oleh pesatnya perkembangan
informasi dan teknologi
4. Menciptakan persaingan yang sehat
5. Menerapkan konsep “pembangunan berkelanjutan"
6. Menghindari sifat 5K (Katabelece, Kongkalikong, Koneksi, Kolusi dan Komisi)
7. Mampu menyatakan yang benar itu benar
8. Menumbuhkan sikap saling percaya antara golongan pengusaha kuat dan golongan pengusaha kebawah
9. Konsekuen dan konsisten dengan aturan main yang telah disepakati bersama
10.Menumbuhkembangkan kesadaran dan rasa memiliki terhadap apa yang telah disepakati
11.Perlu adanya sebagian etika bisnis yang dituangkan dalam suatu hukum positif yang berupa peraturan perundang-undangan.
SUMBER : http://ratnaug.blogspot.com/2010/10/faktor-faktor-etika-bisnis.html
TULISAN ETIKA BISNIS
Teori Etika Bisnis
a. Etika Teleologi
Berasal dari kata Yunani, telos = tujuan,
Mengukur baik buruknya suatu tindakan berdasarkan tujuan yang mau dicapai dengan tindakan itu, atau berdasarkan akibat yang ditimbulkan oleh tindakan itu.
Dua aliran etika teleologi :
- Egoisme Etis
- Utilitarianisme
* Egoisme Etis
Inti pandangan egoisme adalah bahwa tindakan dari setiap orang pada dasarnya bertujuan untuk mengejar pribadi dan memajukan dirinya sendiri.
Satu-satunya tujuan tindakan moral setiap orang adalah mengejar kepentingan pribadi dan memajukan dirinya.
Egoisme ini baru menjadi persoalan serius ketika ia cenderung menjadi hedonistis, yaitu ketika kebahagiaan dan kepentingan pribadi diterjemahkan semata-mata sebagai kenikmatan fisik yg bersifat vulgar.
* Utilitarianisme
Berasal dari bahasa latin utilis yang berarti “bermanfaat”.
Menurut teori ini suatu perbuatan adalah baik jika membawa manfaat, tapi manfaat itu harus menyangkut bukan saja satu dua orang melainkan masyarakat sebagai keseluruhan.
Dalam rangka pemikiran utilitarianisme, kriteria untuk menentukan baik buruknya suatu perbuatan adalah “the greatest happiness of the greatest number”, kebahagiaan terbesar dari jumlah orang yang terbesar.
Utilitarianisme , teori ini cocok sekali dengan pemikiran ekonomis, karena cukup dekat dengan Cost-Benefit Analysis. Manfaat yang dimaksudkan utilitarianisme bisa dihitung sama seperti kita menghitung untung dan rugi atau kredit dan debet dalam konteks bisnis
Utilitarianisme, dibedakan menjadi dua macam :
a. Utilitarianisme Perbuatan (Act Utilitarianism)
b. Utilitarianisme Aturan (Rule Utilitarianism)
Prinsip dasar utilitarianisme (manfaat terbesar bagi jumlah orang terbesar) diterpakan pada perbuatan.
Utilitarianisme aturan membatasi diri pada justifikasi aturan-aturan moral.
b. Deontologi
Istilah deontologi berasal dari kata Yunani ‘deon’ yang berarti kewajiban.
‘Mengapa perbuatan ini baik dan perbuatan itu harus ditolak sebagai buruk’, deontologi menjawab : ‘karena perbuatan pertama menjadi kewajiban kita dan karena perbuatan kedua dilarang’.
Yang menjadi dasar baik buruknya perbuatan adalah kewajiban.
Pendekatan deontologi sudah diterima dalam konteks agama, sekarang merupakan juga salah satu teori etika yang terpenting
Ada tiga prinsip yg harus dipenuhi :
(1) Supaya tindakan punya nilai moral, tindakan ini harus dijalankan berdasarkan kewajiban
(2) Nilai moral dari tindakan ini tidak tergantung pada tercapainya tujuan dari tindakan itu melainkan tergantung pada kemauan baik yang mendorong seseorang untuk melakukan tindakan itu, berarti kalaupun tujuan tidak tercapai, tindakan itu sudah dinilai baik
(3) Sebagai konsekuensi dari kedua prinsip ini, kewajiban adalah hal yang niscaya dari tindakan yang dilakukan berdasarkan sikap hormat pada hukum moral universal
Bagi Kant, Hukum Moral ini dianggapnya sbg perintah tak bersyarat (imperatif kategoris), yg berarti hukum moral ini berlaku bagi semua orang pada segala situasi dan tempat.
Perintah Bersyarat adalah perintah yg dilaksanakan kalau orang menghendaki akibatnya, atau kalau akibat dari tindakan itu mrpk hal yg diinginkan dan dikehendaki oleh orang tsb.
Perintah Tak Bersyarat adalah perintah yg dilaksanakan begitu saja tanpa syarat apapun, yaitu tanpa mengharapkan akibatnya, atau tanpa mempedulikan apakah akibatnya tercapai dan berguna bagi orang tsb atau tidak.
c. Teori Hak
Dalam pemikiran moral dewasa ini barangkali teori hak ini adalah pendekatan yang paling banyak dipakai untuk mengevaluasi baik buruknya suatu perbuatan atau perilaku. Teori Hak merupakan suatu aspek dari teori deontologi, karena berkaitan dengan kewajiban. Hak dan kewajiban bagaikan dua sisi uang logam yang sama.
Hak didasarkan atas martabat manusia dan martabat semua manusia itu sama. Karena itu hak sangat cocok dengan suasana pemikiran demokratis.
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d. Teori Keutamaan (Virtue)
Memandang sikap atau akhlak seseorang.
Tidak ditanyakan apakah suatu perbuatan tertentu adil, atau jujur, atau murah hati dan sebagainya. Keutamaan bisa didefinisikan sebagai berikut : disposisi watak yang telah diperoleh seseorang dan memungkinkan dia untuk bertingkah laku baik secara moral.
Contoh keutamaan :
a. Kebijaksanaan
b. Keadilan
c. Suka bekerja keras
d. Hidup yang baik
Keutamaan yang harus menandai pebisnis perorangan bisa disebut : kejujuran, fairness, kepercayaan dan keuletan. Keempat keutamaan ini berkaitan erat satu sama lain dan kadang-kadang malah ada tumpang tindih di antaranya.
Fairness : kesediaan untuk memberikan apa yang wajar kepada semua orang dan dengan wajar dimaksudkan apa yang bisa disetujui oleh semua pihak yang terlibat dalam suatu transaksi.
Keutamaan-keutamaan yang dimilliki manajer dan karyawan sejauh mereka mewakili perusahaan, adalah : Keramahan, Loyalitas, Kehormatan dan Rasa malu.
Keramahan merupakan inti kehidupan bisnis, keramahan itu hakiki untuk setiap hubungan antar manusia, hubungan bisnis tidak terkecuali.
Loyalitas berarti bahwa karyawan tidak bekerja semata-mata untuk mendapat gaji, tetapi mempunyai juga komitmen yang tulus dengan perusahaan.
Kehormatan adalah keutamaan yang membuat karyawan menjadi peka terhadap suka dan duka serta sukses dan kegagalan perusahaan.
Rasa malu membuat karyawan solider dengan kesalahan perusahaan.
SUMBER : http://abiyogapradipta.blogspot.com/2009/10/teori-etika-bisnis.html
http://www.scribd.com/doc/19251843/etika-bisnis
TULISAN ETIKA BISNIS Etika Bisnis yang terjadi di Pasar DIdaerah Bekasi
Author: finna puspa kencana sari Posted under:
TULISAN ETIKA BISNIS
Etika Bisnis yang terjadi di Pasar DIdaerah Bekasi
Ditulis dalam Uncategorized oleh fjrrsp di/pada November 10, 2009
Makin banyaknya produk-produk cina yang beredar sekarang ini makin meresahkan masyarakat. Mungkin banyak yang berpendapat jika berbelanja di pasar yang sudah memiliki nama ini akan lebih baik dari pada membeli produk di supermarket, tapi pendapat ini salah.Terbukti dari penelitian yang dilakukan, di sebuah pasar di daerah bekasi masih saja menjual produk-produk cina yang di larang pemerintah contohnya karena tidak di sertai kode halal, tanggal kadaluarsanya, dan tidak tercantum kadungan apa saja dalam produk tersebut sehingga mempersulit para konsumen untuk mengetahui bahan-bahan apa saja yang tergantung.
Menurut saya, perdangangan seperti itu memang sangat tidak etis. Hal semacam itu sangat merugikan konsumen dan pemerintah karena barang tersebut tidak terdaftar dalam BPOM dan tentunya tidak membayar pajak, selain itu yang menganut agama Islam bisa saja mengkonsumsi bahan-bahan yang tidah halal. Konsumen pun juga bisa saja terkena penyakit yang munculnya dalam jangka panjang.
SUMBER : http://fjrrsp.wordpress.com/2009/11/10/etika-bisnis-yang-terjadi-di-pasar-didaerah-bekasi/
